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Citation Styles

This guide lists some major styles that are commonly used by various subject disciplines.

In-text citation and references

Citations of figures / images in the paper must be in numerical order. Place it below the figure / image.

Citations to figures in text always carry the abbreviation “Fig.” followed by the figure number.  The figure number must have a period after it. Then comes the caption followed by Adapted from [the number in the reference list in which you provide the details of the source]. The first word of the caption should be capitalized. Do not use A, An, or The at the beginning of a figure or table caption. 

Example:

Fig. 1.  Footwear collected from the shorelines of Midway Atoll. Adapted from [x]

Fig. 1.  Footwear collected from the shorelines of Midway Atoll. Adapted from [2]

In the reference list give the details of the source, the webpage from which the image is taken in IEEE citation style. 

[2]  NOAA Photo Library.“Footwear collected from the shorelines of Midway Atoll”, Flickr.com. https://www.flickr.com/photos/noaaphotolib/27889266330/in/album-72157670783471385/ (accessed Oct. 3, 2021).

Acknowledgement for the use of the photograph used in the example:

We acknowledge the use of the photograph fis01484 by Kristen Kelly, taken from https://www.flickr.com/photos/noaaphotolib/27889266330/in/album-72157670783471385/ under CC BY 2.0