A citation is a reference to a source from which you have taken the information given in your research report. It identifies for the reader the original source for an idea, information, or text that is referred to in your work.
A citation style dictates the format of in-text citations and references, what information needs to be provided and how it is ordered. There are many citation styles, e.g., IEEE citation style, American Chemical Society (ACS), American Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association (MLA), Turabian, etc.
When writing reports, use the recommended style consistently. It is recommended that you use a numbered style like IEEE citation style for your report.
Please access NTU Library Citation Styles guide to learn more about the specific citation style and view examples of commonly used in-text citations and references.
Examples of in-text citation and reference in IEEE citation style and APA 7 citation style for a webpage with an organisational group author are given below
In-text citation (IEEE citation style):
Energy Market Authority states that consumers installing solar PV should engage a qualified person such as an architect registered with the Board of Architects or a has a valid practising certificate to do it [1].
Reference (IEEE citation style):
[1] “EMA | Guide to Solar PV.” https://www.ema.gov.sg/Guide_to_Solar_PV.aspx (accessed Jan. 09, 2023).
Note: Abbreviations are used for the month names for reference list
In-text citation (APA 7 citation style):
Tobacco smoking is a habit that is prevalent among the residents of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia. Local leaders are under pressure to come up with enforcement policies and initiatives to make the tobacco control law effective (World Health Organization, 2021).
Reference (APA 7 citation style):
World Health Organization. (2021). Bandung: Championing city-level tobacco control. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/bandung-championing-city-level-tobacco-control
You may use reference management software like Zotero to insert in-text citations and references in your document. Please access our Introduction to Zotero guide to learn about how to download and install Zotero and how to insert in-text citations and references using it
Citing sources
You must give credit whenever you use any:
Note: In your presentation slides also you must include citations
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